Research Topics for Biology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophys

When students are asked to write a research paper for a health science class, they should consider choosing a topic that sounds interesting to them. Considering it will take much time and effort to create the final product, students should choose a topic with which they do not easily become bored. There is no bigger motivation deterrent than a research topic that is boring and difficult to understand.

Students who are having trouble coming up with a topic for a health science research paper should consider the following subject areas and sub-topics. If something looks interesting, students should feel free to use these suggestions as possible research topics in the area of the health sciences.

Research Topics in Genetics

1. What is a DNA fingerprint and how is it used?
2. What is the science behind paternity tests and how accurate are they?
3. How do forensic detectives use DNA to identify unknown bodies?
4. How does genetic counseling benefit pregnant mothers?
5. What cancers can be identified with cytogenetic testing methods?
6. How is genetic engineering being used in health care?
7. How are genetically modified foods affecting our health?

Research Topics in Health Care

1. How should health care providers be trained in taking care of special populations such as the LGBT community?
2. How does a person’s culture factor in to how he chooses to be medically treated?
3. Which ethnicities are most affected by inadequate access to health care?
4. Which sex seeks treatment more often for issues of sexual dysfunction and why?
5. Which health careers are the most popular and why do more students choose those fields?

Research Topics on Diseases and Disorders

1. Why are diabetics more prone to heart disease than the general population?
2. Why does heart rate increase when we are scared or upset?
3. What hormones are involved in the stress response and how do they affect the body?
4. What disease states become more common as we age?
5. What are the differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s Disease?
6. Why do Non-Celiac patients develop gluten allergies when avoiding gluten in foods?
7. What pathologic changes can happen when the eyes are overexposed to the sun?
8. Why do some breastfeeding mothers develop mastitis and will it affect her baby’s health?
9. What are the common blood borne pathogens and how can health care workers protect themselves?
10. Which of the most common diets cause the most health concerns?
11. Which STDs are parasitic, bacterial, or viral?

Research Topics of Social Medical Concerns

1. Is assisted suicide an ethical choice for end of life care?
2. Which types of abortion cause the most debate?
3. Should everyone be forced to buy health insurance?
4. Should physicians receive kick-backs for prescribing a certain quota of a medication?
5. Should parents have the right to decide whether their pregnant teen should give the baby up for adoption?
6. Should parents of babies with fetal-alcohol syndrome be jailed?
7. At what age should children be taught sex education?

There are a number of choices when considering a research topic for the health sciences. Students in biology, anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology are all welcome to use the topics presented above. Best of luck on your medical writing endeavors.

Evaluating Research Paper Sources: Credibility and Quality

Not all research paper sources are equally credible. Essay writers should evaluate references for accuracy, authority, objectivity, and timeliness.

Students should select their research paper sources with care. Not all primary and secondary sources are credible enough to be included in a term paper or essay.

Most sources – from library books to online resources – share a number of features that can indicate their level of credibility. These are concerned with a source's accuracy, authority, objectivity, and timeliness.

Accuracy and Research Paper Sources

The first question to ask about any source is "How accurate is its information?" At the most basic level, sources should be free of spelling errors and use proper grammar. Any author whose writing is slipshod may not be reliable on other matters.

Students may not be able to tell right away how accurate some claims are, but there are important indicators. References to other sources within a book or article suggests facts have been verified. The input of editors (especially in print sources) is another sign of accuracy and fact-checking.

The Authority of Essay Sources

The credentials of the author of any research paper source are also important. Students should keep in mind an author's qualifications and reputation, as well as the reputation of the publisher. For internet sources, the domain name can be another indicator of this.

Authors who are cited by others also have greater authority. They may have unique information, original interpretations, or cover topics in greater depth than competing sources.

Research Paper Sources and Objectivity

Students should be careful, when doing research, to keep in mind the objectivity of their sources. While it may be impossible to be completely free of bias, credible sources will try to minimize this. Objective authors can still try to persuade their readers, but will use facts instead of opinions and rhetorical devices to do so.

Credible sources will also state any possible conflicts of interest. This includes the editorial positions of publishers, or any funding (grants, advertising, etc.) which may influence their perspective.

The Timeliness of Research Paper Sources

Sources cited in student papers should be as up-to-date as possible. This is especially important when writing essays on current events. But even in academic fields like ancient history, critical trends and methodologies change over time.

Book sources usually have a date of publication listed. Internet sources can be tougher to judge. But credible web pages will maintain working links, be updated as needed, and indicate when they were posted or last edited.

Essays can use all kinds of print and online sources to back up their claims. Sometimes credibility and quality can be hard for writers to evaluate. But being mindful of criteria like accuracy, authority, objectivity, and timeliness will help students judge their research paper sources wisely.

How to Write a Winning Essay

Essay writing is a constant reality in a student's life. Learn how to write an essay effectively through simple methods and enhance your academic career.

For some students, the word 'essay' conjures up images of sleepless nights and an overwhelming amount of work, or they just dreaming about someone to domyhomeworkfor.me. This assumption, of course, is for good reason. Without preparation and focus, essay writing can be mentally difficult and time consuming. Fortunately, there are several ways to help alleviate some of the hardships of writing an essay and produce outstanding results.

Top Five Tips on Creating a Winning Essay

1. Plan ahead:

Having a strategy is important regardless if the assignment is to write a one page movie summary or to create a 20 page research paper. Having a habit of simply sitting down in front of a computer and expecting to create good results is simply not the way to go. Ideas don't usually come instantaneously and so it is very crucial to take the time to know what to write before actually diving into the task.

 2. Know The Material:

This tip is very obvious. A student who does not know what he is talking about must simply stand away from the keyboard and not write that essay. To do so would be an injustice to oneself. Aside from the fact that learning potential is being compromised, trying to write an essay without knowing one's material simply takes a lot more time and mental energy. Essay writing will flow more smoothly when a person takes the effort to review his material in advance.

3. Do not mix essay writing with anything else:

Forget everything about multitasking for once. When writing an essay, do nothing else except write that essay. Talking on the phone or watching television while pulling together that book report will only give result in a lot of headache and empty computer screens. For those who dislike too much quiet, listen to music that is soothing and tranquil. Those 50 Cent and Lil Wayne iPod tracks must be set aside in the meantime, until that final period is placed on the essay.

4. Write first and edit later:

Sometimes, English professors can be the hardest people to please. They can be real sticklers when it comes to grammar and all those technical details in an essay. Despite this, it is actually advisable for a student to put grammar and spelling as a last priority. That may sound like an odd tip, but how can anybody focus on writing good content when they are constantly worrying about where they should stick that comma? It is impossible. A student's best bet is to let ideas flow in the meantime and then proofread later. Now you should think about your research.

5. Keep a blog or a journal

Writing effectively is a skill that must be honed and practiced continuously. It is not enough to practice writing in school. Someone who is really serious about writing better essays must develop skills outside of normal class hours. Having a blog or a journal is ideal because there are no deadlines to catch and people have the liberty to pick whatever topic they want to write about.

Bonus tip: Avoid thinking about the minimum number of words required for an essay

This is a common disease among students. Remember this: word counts are just ballparks that instructors use to help you write your essay. They must not at all be a primary consideration when writing an essay. Paying too much attention on word count limits one's writing potential and actually creates fertile ground for useless fillers that good professors can easily spot in an essay.

The Bottom Line

One misconception about writing good essays is that a person has to be an ace with the English language or extra savvy with words in general. While these things certainly help, they are not the main driving force behind a powerful essay.

Essay writing is really not a daunting task if it is given the ample preparation that it deserves. It is important to remember that writing an essay is more than just about stringing a bunch of words to satisfy the teacher's requirement. Writing an essay is an art form unto itself, which requires discipline, patience, and constant practice.

Writing an Executive Summary for a College Paper

Having to write an executive summary for a college paper can be intimidating but it reality it is very similar to writing any kind of summary.

An executive summary is a summary highlighting the key points found in a report or paper. The executive summary is found at the beginning of the paper after the table of contents but before the introduction. It is intended to encourage a busy reader to take the time, to read the entire report or papersfor.sale. An executive summary for a college paper needs to be written in a professional manner using jargon that is specific to the information being presented in the report or paper with proper spelling, sentence structure and mechanics. Like any other overview or summary the executive summary needs to summarize the key points in order of importance. The executive summary should be written after the paper is written and needs to be short, concise and to the point.

Step 1

Determine the audience for the paper. Who is the intended reader for this report or paper? Who the audience is dictates what key points of the report need to be highlighted in the executive summary. If the paper was written to address a lack of funding for school meals, the best audience would be the local school district. Use wording and information that would be important to your specific audience.

Step 2

List the key points in order of importance. This should be done while writing your paper as well. Your paper should be structured in order of importance and you can follow the points in order as they would appear on your paper. If there is a discrepancy you should attempt to restructure the paper so that it does reflect the points in order of importance so that you can easily follow that structure with your executive summary.

Step 3

Write a simple declarative sentence for each key point. Each declarative sentence should present the most important facts, generalizations, conclusions and recommendations in a concise statement. For example:

"School Nutrition is considered an important factor to better education. Well nourished students are better learners. Children are more efficient listeners when they have had a balanced meal."

Step 4

Add well structured sentences as needed to each point. These structured sentences should include brief facts and information backing up the points that you are highlighting. Give the reader a description of what they will be reading without being overall technical. Keep in mind that a summary should be short in length and it should not be loaded with wordy explanations. Each section should be concise and to the point. You want to paint a picture of the information and conclusions your report or paper presents without repeating the information in your paper word for word.

Step 5

Read over the summary slowly, checking to make sure that all of the information is correct while also looking for grammar, punctuation and spelling mistakes. Make sure that it makes sense and flows well. Keep in mind that the executive summary is an overall summary of your research and hard work, it gives the reader a preview of what is to be expected in your paper. If the executive summary is well written the reader will expect the same from your report or paper.

Step 6

Ask someone else to proof read your summary. Have your proof reader, read over it to make sure it is understandable to someone that has not researched the subject and to check for any spelling, grammar or punctuation mistakes you may have overlooked.

How to Write a Psychology Report

Learn how to write a psychology report using APA style. Includes the most common structure required for writing student psychological reports.

A psychology report, or research paper, is a written document outlining the results of a psychological experiment. In order to write a good psychology report, the basic rules of APA style and structure should always be used.

Choose an experimental topic and decide what you will be testing. Read extensively, and search for appropriate articles from credible journals. Formulate one or more hypotheses to test. Complete your experiment, collect your data, and ensure you use the appropriate statistical tests. Structure your written report using the APA style, as detailed in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Follow the below guidelines when writing up your psychology report, and increase your chance of receiving a good grade.

Formulate The Hypothesis For Your Psychological Report

Your experiment should test one or more hypotheses. Your hypothesis should be a concise statement describing the predicted relationship between the variables you are measuring in your experiment. The dependent variable is the measured variable, and the independent variable/s are the manipulated variables. Your professor may provide a set hypothesis for you to test, or may ask you to set your own.

Collect and Analyse Your Data

Before you can commence writing your report, you will need to conduct your experiment and collect the data. Once you have collected the data, ensure you use an appropriate statistical package to analyse the data. Ensure you use the correct statistical test when analysing your data. If in doubt always consult your professor for advice. This is critical, as your report will not be credible if the results of your data analysis are incorrect.

How to Structure Your Psychology Report

The structure of your psychology report should be broken down into eight sections: title, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, references, and appendices.

1. Title

The title is the first thing your professor will read and is your first opportunity to impress. Attempt to write an original and interesting title, whilst summarising the main point of your report including the variables you are testing. The title should be 15 words or less, and appear on your cover sheet. It should be on page 3 of the report, centred at the top of the page, in boldfaced title font.

2. Abstract

The abstract is a concise summary of your report and should be less than 125 words. Be sure to include your research question, method, type of participants, results and conclusion. The abstract should be on the second page, after your cover sheet. It should have a centred, boldfaced title "Abstract"; and the paragraph should be un-indented.

3. Introduction

The introduction begins on page 3 of the report, directly beneath your title. It should contain less than 25% of the total words of your report. Be sure to introduce the general topic and issues leading to your hypotheses, in a logical manner. State your hypotheses clearly at the end of this paragraph.

4. Method

The method must include the minimum amount of information required for another researcher to replicate your experiment. This section should be begin with a centred boldfaced heading "Method". It should be subdivided into the appropriate subsections. The most common subsections are Participants, Apparatus, Materials, Stimuli, Procedure and Design.

5. Results

This section should have a centred boldfaced heading "Results". Begin with describing which variables were analysed. Provide a summary statement of the important results that were found. Follow this with a summary of the statistics and the results of any inferential tests used, as this will defend your summary statement.

The results section should include details of the numerical statistics including the correct special symbols. A picture speaks a thousand words, so use tables and figures to help summarise the statistical information. Be sure to always express any units of measurement as per the International System of Units (SI).

6. Discussion

This section should have a centred, boldface heading "Discussion". It should contain approximately 35% of the total words of your report. Here you review your findings and show how they are related to the existing literature on the topic. Attempt to be original, creative and cleverly link your findings to relevant research articles sourced from credible journals. Be sure to restate your results, include any limitations of your experiment, as well as any confounding variables. State the theoretical importance of the research, and lead into a concluding paragraph in a logical manner.

7. References

Your reference list should be on a new page with the centred boldfaced heading "References". List your references according to the APA Style.

8. Appendices

It is rare to have appendices in a published article, however they are commonly used in student reports. This is because your professor will often want to see your raw data and copies of any questionnaires or consent forms. This section should begin on a new page with the centred boldfaced heading "Appendices". Attach each appendix labelling them as "Appendix A" and so forth. Only include appendices if you have referred to them in your text.

What Your Marker Is Looking For

Usually in a psychology report you will be assessed on the following:

• how logically and clearly your introduction leads into your hypotheses from the existing research/literature
• how concisely and fully you describe the method used, so that another researcher could duplicate the experiment
• whether you provide a precise and clear description of your results
• whether you wrote a clear discussion, including limitations and implications of your results
• showed evidence of extensive reading and research on the topic
• used the correct style for report writing, and clear expression (including grammar, spelling and punctuation)
• adherence to the word limit

The above guidelines are appropriate for most psychology reports, however sometimes a professor will set certain alternative requirements for an assignment. If you are unsure what approach is required for your assignment, be sure to check with your professor.